“What are we missing here?” is a useful question to ask in such dialogue.Īll forms of dialogue require the researchers involved to have skills in listening, as well as the capacity to explain the research in ways that stakeholders with a range of perspectives can understand. This opens the potential for new insights and learning. It requires those involved to stay engaged even when levels of tension are high in order to identify and discuss sources of incomprehension. It builds on common ground to tackle and take advantage of persistent misunderstanding and disagreement. Generative dialogue, which goes deeper again to create new ideas.Reflective dialogue, which is a deeper form of exchange, seeking to learn about the perspectives of others and to find common ground.Engaged monologue, which is the exchange of perspectives.Serial monologue, which involves turn-taking to present one’s own perspective.A useful framework considers the following four kinds of dialogue, which can be seen as a sequence of greater engagement and increasing difficulty requiring greater commitment and skills: In engaging with stakeholders, it can be helpful to understand different ways of participating in and managing conversations. The key aspect is that the stakeholders can see what is being documented and clarify or change it when necessary. ![]() This can be done in real time on paper or electronically, or by providing transcripts of audio- or video- recordings. Accurate documenting, which involves transparently writing down the stakeholders’ views, so that they can see that they have been understood.There is no one way to do this and it rests to a large extent on stakeholder perceptions of the integrity of the researchers and their ability to maintain confidentiality. Building a safe space, which involves creating an environment where participants have enough trust to feel comfortable in speaking openly about all aspects of the problem that are important to them.using the opportunity to question your own assumptions and ways of seeing.delaying interpretation and judgment until you fully understand what the other person is saying.focusing on learning rather than persuading or resolving.Suspending automatic response, judgment and certainty, which requires countering and delaying reactions that are automatic for most people, namely thinking of a response while the other is talking, rushing to judgement and projecting your own view of the world onto the speaker.It means going beyond hierarchies of knowledge and stereotypes to appreciate different ways of knowing, including experience-based knowledge. Respect, which involves being curious and actively engaging with the views and feelings of others.Openness, which involves having an open mind and a willingness to accommodate multiple perspectives and ways of communicating them by a diverse range of participants.This requires cultivating a number of interconnected skills: Key to stakeholder engagement through consultation, involvement, collaboration or support is being able to listen to stakeholders in order to understand their perspectives, concerns and suggestions, as well as to tease out what is most important to them. The next presents tools for generating ideas and reaching agreement. This blog post presents skills involved in listening and dialogue. ![]() Those involved in stakeholder engagement can also work to strengthen these skills to underpin other useful methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups and participatory modelling. ![]() Understanding these skills can help teams decide who would be best among their members to be responsible for stakeholder engagement. In the next two blog posts, I present key skills and tools that are essential for engaging with stakeholders. What skills should every researcher involved in stakeholder engagement seek to cultivate? What key tools for engaging stakeholders should they be familiar with?
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